The athlete's heart what it is why it is important to have it
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The heart, being a muscle, undergoes variations in response to the stresses of training. Studies on the subject have shown that, regardless of age and gender, training induces an increase in the size of the heart, up to a 25% increase in its initial volume.
This volume increase occurs with the increase in both the volume and mass of the heart and the dilation of all four heart chambers. This physiological adaptation, associated with the increase in the wall thicknesses of the left ventricle, leads to an increase in cardiac output, which is constituted, ultimately, by the substantial increase in systolic output. On the other hand, with strength sports training, there is hypertrophy of the myocardium, accompanied by hypertrophy of the skeletal muscles.
If you analyze an untrained subject subjected to endurance exercise, you will notice how the cardiac output increases mainly thanks to the increase in heart rate; on the other hand, in subjects trained in endurance tests, cardiac output increases, mainly, thanks to the increase in systolic output. In other words, the heart of a trained person is able to "pump" more blood with the same heartbeat, which is why the increase in heart rate, caused by an endurance effort, is less in the trained person than in those who do not practice activities. sporty.
The latter subject, in fact, will necessarily have to increase his heart rhythm to satisfy the increased demand for blood, while in the trained subject the improved functional efficiency of the heart will lead him to satisfy this request with a minimum increase in heartbeats.
In fact, always in the trained subject, the heart rate, both at rest and for each submaximal exercise level, progressively decreases with training. It is therefore a confirmation of how physical exercise in itself for a healthy heart is not a danger, but a way to improve its functioning. However, it is essential to practice sports after verifying not only the absence of heart disease, but also a low cardiovascular risk.
N.B .: the photo is purely indicative